5. Gutzwiller Wavefunction methods

5.1. Theoretical background

Gutzwiller Wavefunction is defiend as

\[\ket{\Psi_G} = \mathcal{P} \ket{\Psi_0} = \prod_I \mathcal{P}_I \ket{\Psi_0}\]

where \(\mathcal{P}\) is the local projector operator that improves the noninteracting wave function \(\ket{\Psi_0}\) according to the on-site interaction by modifying the weight of local electronic configurations:

\[\begin{split}\mathcal{P} =& \prod_I \mathcal{P}_I \\ \mathcal{P}_I = &\sum_{\Gamma\Gamma'} \lambda_{I,\Gamma\Gamma'} \ket{I,\Gamma}\bra{I,\Gamma'}\end{split}\]

where \(I\) is the index of site. \(\ket{I,\Gamma}\) denotes the local configurations of site \(I\).

Gutzwiller constraints:

\[\begin{split}\bra{\Psi_0} \mathcal{P}^\dagger \mathcal{P}_I \ket{\Psi_0} & = 1,\\ \bra{\Psi_0} \mathcal{P}^\dagger \mathcal{P}_I \hat{n}_I \ket{\Psi_0} & = \bra{\Psi_0} \hat{n}_I\ket{\Psi_0},\\\end{split}\]

where \(\hat{n}_I\) is the local single-particle density-matrix operator.

Symbols used in the documents:

  • \(\mathcal{N}\) is the number of sites

  • \(N_I\) is the number of orbitals in site \(I\).

  • \(I, J\) represent the indices of the fragments (or sites) of the system

  • \(\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \sigma\) denote the fermionic orbital.

  • \(\hat{T}_{IJ}\) is the hopping operator between two sites \(I, J\) and \(T_{I\alpha J\beta}\) is corresponding hopping integral

  • \(\hat{H}^{loc}_I\) represents the local Hamiltonain of site \(I\).

  • \(c_{Ip}, c^\dagger_{Iq}\) represents the original fermonic operator

  • \(f_{Ia}\) represents the auxiliary operator

5.1.1. Gutzwiller approximation (GA):

5.2. Single-band Gutzwiller method

5.3. Multi-band Gutzwiller method for local correlation

5.4. Multi-band Gutzwiller method for nonlocal correlation

5.5. Multi-band Gutzwiller method for electron-boson interactions